Longjing , literally "Dragon Well", is a name applied to a number of locations and products from the southwestern region of the city of Hangzhou in Zhejiang province, . Most notably, the name refers to the titular Dragon Well itself, as well as the area encompassing the and the longjing tea famously grown there.
The Dragon Well region consists of a number of villages, tea plantations, , parks, and a temple. The area is popular for tea drinking and buying as well as visiting the Eight Scenes of the Dragon Well .
Friday, October 17, 2008
List of museums in Hangzhou
This is a list of museums in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, .
* Museum
Chinese Seal Museum
China National Silk Museum
China National Tea Museum
Zhejiang Provincial Museum
* Museum
Chinese Seal Museum
China National Silk Museum
China National Tea Museum
Zhejiang Provincial Museum
List of hills in Hangzhou
This is a list of hills in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province, . Some hills listed may be alternatively named or classified in either or as "peaks" and/or "mountains".
*Baoshi Hill , location of Baochu Pagoda
*Beigao Peak
*Chessboard Hill
*Daci Hill
*Dahua Hill
*Dingjia Hill
*Five-old Peak
*Flying Peak
*Geling Hill
*General Hill
*Hupao Back Hill , location of Dreaming of the Tiger Spring
*Jiuyao Hill
*Jinjia Hill
*Jiangtai Hill
*Lion Hill
*Lingfeng Hill
*Nangao Peak
*Nanping Hill , location of one of the Ten Scenes of West Lake, "Night Bell at Nanping Hill"
*Phoenix Hill
*Qinglong Hill
*Shouxintou
*Trunk Peak
*Tianma Hill
*Wuyun Hill
*Yuegui Peak
*Yuhuang Hill
*Ziyang Hill
*Baoshi Hill , location of Baochu Pagoda
*Beigao Peak
*Chessboard Hill
*Daci Hill
*Dahua Hill
*Dingjia Hill
*Five-old Peak
*Flying Peak
*Geling Hill
*General Hill
*Hupao Back Hill , location of Dreaming of the Tiger Spring
*Jiuyao Hill
*Jinjia Hill
*Jiangtai Hill
*Lion Hill
*Lingfeng Hill
*Nangao Peak
*Nanping Hill , location of one of the Ten Scenes of West Lake, "Night Bell at Nanping Hill"
*Phoenix Hill
*Qinglong Hill
*Shouxintou
*Trunk Peak
*Tianma Hill
*Wuyun Hill
*Yuegui Peak
*Yuhuang Hill
*Ziyang Hill
Immaculate Conception Cathedral of Hangzhou
The Cathedral of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception is a Roman Catholic cathedral, located at 415 Road North not far from Wulin Square in downtown Hangzhou, China. Since it is the only Catholic church currently in service within the city of Hangzhou itself, it is also known simply as ''Tiānzhǔ Táng'' or "the Catholic church".
Li Zhizao was a Ming Dynasty official-scholar and Catholic from Hangzhou working in Beijing, who had been converted and baptized by Matteo Ricci. In 1611, when he received news of his father's death, he hurried back to Hangzhou and on the way brought with him two Jesuit priests from Nanjing, Lazaro Cattaneo and Nicolas Trigault. They took care of Li Zhizao's father's funeral and on May the 8th at the Li family's residence held the first ever in Hangzhou. One of the new converts in Hangzhou was a wealthy Imperial Inspector named Yang Tingyun . He and his entire family were originally Buddhist, but upon his conversion he went so far as to turn his home's Buddhist altar into a chapel. Together, Li Zhizao, Yang Tingyun and Xu Guangqi are known as the "Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism" . Later in 1616, during a period of persecution against Christians in Nanjing, many refugees fled to Hangzhou where they were at first housed in the homes of Li Zhizao and Yang Tingyun. It was soon realized that a better solution would be required, and in 1627 Yang Tingyun bought a piece of land near Wulin Gate on Guan Road and had Hangzhou's first church built there, slightly west of where today's church lies. It was soon followed the next year by another church constructed near Qiantang Gate . None of these two churches or the gates and city walls they once stood by remain today however.
The current cathedral in Hangzhou, dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, was originally built in 1661 by the Jesuit Martino Martini, and is still one of the oldest churches in China. Its original Romanesque form was designed with three naves, and two rows of columns separating them. The two side altars venerated statues of St. Peter and while the central altar was for the worship of Christ. At the time of its completion it had been lavishly decorated and was said by many to be the most beautiful church in China. Of note were also the large frescoes painted all over the church, that as the Jesuit Charles Le Gobien notes in his "Histoire de l'édit de l'empereur de la Chine", were based on standard Western imagery , but were painted by Chinese artists in the Chinese brush style.
In 1691, during the reign of the Qing emperor Kangxi, the governor of Zhejiang Province, Zhāng Pénghé banned Catholicism, took control of the cathedral and ordered all books contained within to be burned. The following year, under pressure from the Italian Jesuit Prosper Intorcetta, the emperor lifted the ban and ordered the Hangzhou cathedral to be fully restored. Nevertheless, the church was severely damaged later that same year in a fire and remained unrepaired for many years until 1699, when the Kangxi emperor himself, who was on a tour of southern China, passed by the church. He ordered one of his ministers to go in and inspect the place, after which he decided to grant the church 200 silver to complete the repairs. He also had the two characters "敕建" inscribed upon the church gate.
In 1730, the emperor Yongzheng again forbade the practice of Catholicism, and the church edifice was subsequently converted into a Taoist temple by the name of Tiānhòu Gōng , but only after the emperor had chiseled his father Kangxi's "敕建" inscription off the gateway. Later, in 1848, it came into the possession of a group of English, Dutch, and French Lazarists, whereupon it resumed operations as a Catholic church.
During the Cultural Revolution the cathedral was put to other uses for a period of about 12 years. The main church hall was divided into 10 or more smaller cells for imprisoning criminals. The other church buildings were also divided up as residences. Finally in 1982 the cathedral reopened, and on December 12th of that year, Mass was once again celebrated. By 1986 the all the families that had moved in during the Cultural Revolution were relocated off of the property. The cathedral is now protected as a Municipal Historic Site.
Chinese masses are held every Sunday morning. There is an English mass held on Saturday evenings. The church has two choirs which practice regularly, and also holds Bible studies and classes for catechumens.
Hangzhou is also home to the gravesite of Martino Martini. After the cathedral had just barely been completed, the renowned cartographer, historian, and missionary died suddenly of cholera in June of 1661, and was buried in the Dafangjing Jesuit Cemetery on the north side of Beigao Feng . His remains were found to be undecayed as late as 20 years after his death, as attested by both Belgian Jesuit Philippe Couplet and Prosper Intorcetta, and they therefore became the object of great veneration. During the Cultural Revolution the site was completely destroyed, but was fully restored in 1985, although by that time it was no longer known which bones exactly had belonged to Martino Martini. The cemetery is now protected as a Provincial Historic Site.
The rectangular memorial crypt faces west and is preceded by a Chinese style "shendao" walkway and "" gateway on which is inscribed in Chinese the line from the Apostles' Creed, "I believe in the resurrection of the body" . It is located right next to the Xihu Beer Factory on Xixi Road and can be entered by request.
In the 1920's Hangzhou was also the object of some French missionary activity when a nun named Sister Hacard from the Sisters of Charity began to build a hospital compound on Hangzhou's Daomao Road . It was founded in 1922 and gradually added to until 1928. The site also included a chapel which, with the one exception of a Marian statue it once contained, survived the Cultural Revolution remarkably intact, stained-glass windows and all. Sr. Hacard's hospital is now part of the Hangzhou City Red Cross Hospital that can be found enclosed by Daomao Road, Fengqi Road , and East Huancheng Road . While the hospital buildings are still in use as such, the chapel has not been used for religious purposes since before the Cultural Revolution and instead is now used by the hospital as a hall for giving presentations. A statue of Sr. Hacard has since been errected in the middle of a nearby garden and the chapel, being the only Gothic structure in all of Hangzhou, is today protected as a Provincial Historic Site.
The Catholic Church in Hangzhou also includes a nuns' convent dedicated to the Sacred Heart located in an old Republic of China-era building on the slopes of Mt. Wu not far from Wushan Square .
History
Beginnings
Li Zhizao was a Ming Dynasty official-scholar and Catholic from Hangzhou working in Beijing, who had been converted and baptized by Matteo Ricci. In 1611, when he received news of his father's death, he hurried back to Hangzhou and on the way brought with him two Jesuit priests from Nanjing, Lazaro Cattaneo and Nicolas Trigault. They took care of Li Zhizao's father's funeral and on May the 8th at the Li family's residence held the first ever in Hangzhou. One of the new converts in Hangzhou was a wealthy Imperial Inspector named Yang Tingyun . He and his entire family were originally Buddhist, but upon his conversion he went so far as to turn his home's Buddhist altar into a chapel. Together, Li Zhizao, Yang Tingyun and Xu Guangqi are known as the "Three Pillars of Chinese Catholicism" . Later in 1616, during a period of persecution against Christians in Nanjing, many refugees fled to Hangzhou where they were at first housed in the homes of Li Zhizao and Yang Tingyun. It was soon realized that a better solution would be required, and in 1627 Yang Tingyun bought a piece of land near Wulin Gate on Guan Road and had Hangzhou's first church built there, slightly west of where today's church lies. It was soon followed the next year by another church constructed near Qiantang Gate . None of these two churches or the gates and city walls they once stood by remain today however.
The Cathedral
The current cathedral in Hangzhou, dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, was originally built in 1661 by the Jesuit Martino Martini, and is still one of the oldest churches in China. Its original Romanesque form was designed with three naves, and two rows of columns separating them. The two side altars venerated statues of St. Peter and while the central altar was for the worship of Christ. At the time of its completion it had been lavishly decorated and was said by many to be the most beautiful church in China. Of note were also the large frescoes painted all over the church, that as the Jesuit Charles Le Gobien notes in his "Histoire de l'édit de l'empereur de la Chine", were based on standard Western imagery , but were painted by Chinese artists in the Chinese brush style.
In 1691, during the reign of the Qing emperor Kangxi, the governor of Zhejiang Province, Zhāng Pénghé banned Catholicism, took control of the cathedral and ordered all books contained within to be burned. The following year, under pressure from the Italian Jesuit Prosper Intorcetta, the emperor lifted the ban and ordered the Hangzhou cathedral to be fully restored. Nevertheless, the church was severely damaged later that same year in a fire and remained unrepaired for many years until 1699, when the Kangxi emperor himself, who was on a tour of southern China, passed by the church. He ordered one of his ministers to go in and inspect the place, after which he decided to grant the church 200 silver to complete the repairs. He also had the two characters "敕建" inscribed upon the church gate.
In 1730, the emperor Yongzheng again forbade the practice of Catholicism, and the church edifice was subsequently converted into a Taoist temple by the name of Tiānhòu Gōng , but only after the emperor had chiseled his father Kangxi's "敕建" inscription off the gateway. Later, in 1848, it came into the possession of a group of English, Dutch, and French Lazarists, whereupon it resumed operations as a Catholic church.
During the Cultural Revolution the cathedral was put to other uses for a period of about 12 years. The main church hall was divided into 10 or more smaller cells for imprisoning criminals. The other church buildings were also divided up as residences. Finally in 1982 the cathedral reopened, and on December 12th of that year, Mass was once again celebrated. By 1986 the all the families that had moved in during the Cultural Revolution were relocated off of the property. The cathedral is now protected as a Municipal Historic Site.
Mass
Chinese masses are held every Sunday morning. There is an English mass held on Saturday evenings. The church has two choirs which practice regularly, and also holds Bible studies and classes for catechumens.
Tomb of Martino Martini
Hangzhou is also home to the gravesite of Martino Martini. After the cathedral had just barely been completed, the renowned cartographer, historian, and missionary died suddenly of cholera in June of 1661, and was buried in the Dafangjing Jesuit Cemetery on the north side of Beigao Feng . His remains were found to be undecayed as late as 20 years after his death, as attested by both Belgian Jesuit Philippe Couplet and Prosper Intorcetta, and they therefore became the object of great veneration. During the Cultural Revolution the site was completely destroyed, but was fully restored in 1985, although by that time it was no longer known which bones exactly had belonged to Martino Martini. The cemetery is now protected as a Provincial Historic Site.
The rectangular memorial crypt faces west and is preceded by a Chinese style "shendao" walkway and "" gateway on which is inscribed in Chinese the line from the Apostles' Creed, "I believe in the resurrection of the body" . It is located right next to the Xihu Beer Factory on Xixi Road and can be entered by request.
Sisters of Charity Hospital
In the 1920's Hangzhou was also the object of some French missionary activity when a nun named Sister Hacard from the Sisters of Charity began to build a hospital compound on Hangzhou's Daomao Road . It was founded in 1922 and gradually added to until 1928. The site also included a chapel which, with the one exception of a Marian statue it once contained, survived the Cultural Revolution remarkably intact, stained-glass windows and all. Sr. Hacard's hospital is now part of the Hangzhou City Red Cross Hospital that can be found enclosed by Daomao Road, Fengqi Road , and East Huancheng Road . While the hospital buildings are still in use as such, the chapel has not been used for religious purposes since before the Cultural Revolution and instead is now used by the hospital as a hall for giving presentations. A statue of Sr. Hacard has since been errected in the middle of a nearby garden and the chapel, being the only Gothic structure in all of Hangzhou, is today protected as a Provincial Historic Site.
Convent of the Sacred Heart
The Catholic Church in Hangzhou also includes a nuns' convent dedicated to the Sacred Heart located in an old Republic of China-era building on the slopes of Mt. Wu not far from Wushan Square .
Hangzhou Railway Station
Hangzhou Railway Station is located in Shangcheng District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province of China. It is affiliated to Shanghai Railway Bureau, and is also the terminal of Shanghai-Hangzhou Railway. The station is ranked first-class.
The station was built in 1906 as a stop along Jiang-Shu railway, and then was called "Qing Tai Men Station". It was openned on 23 August 1907 as the railway was put into use. Because the station was hundreds of meters away from Hangzhou City at that time, the residents inside the city felt very inconvenient. Thus, Ma Yifu, a scholar returning from America, suggested the station move into the city. The building of the in-town station started in 1909 and completed in 1910. In 1937, Sino-Japanese War began. The station were bombarded twice in October by Japanese, and Hangzhou was occupied on 24 December. During Japanese occupation in Hangzhou, the station was rebuilt from 26 March 1941 to 21 March 1942, and its appearance resembled the style in Japan's Nara period.
As the passenger load continuously grew, the station's capacity could hardly cope with the future demands. Therefore, the old station was pulled down in 1997, and the new station was erected in 1999, and put into use on 28 December.
History
The station was built in 1906 as a stop along Jiang-Shu railway, and then was called "Qing Tai Men Station". It was openned on 23 August 1907 as the railway was put into use. Because the station was hundreds of meters away from Hangzhou City at that time, the residents inside the city felt very inconvenient. Thus, Ma Yifu, a scholar returning from America, suggested the station move into the city. The building of the in-town station started in 1909 and completed in 1910. In 1937, Sino-Japanese War began. The station were bombarded twice in October by Japanese, and Hangzhou was occupied on 24 December. During Japanese occupation in Hangzhou, the station was rebuilt from 26 March 1941 to 21 March 1942, and its appearance resembled the style in Japan's Nara period.
As the passenger load continuously grew, the station's capacity could hardly cope with the future demands. Therefore, the old station was pulled down in 1997, and the new station was erected in 1999, and put into use on 28 December.
Hangzhou Metro
Hangzhou Metro is a system currently under construction to serve the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang and its suburbs. The construction commenced in March 2006, with a targeted first line opening date of December 28, 2011.
When opened, Hangzhou will be the tenth city in the People's Republic of China to have a rapid transit system in place. The first line, Line 1 will be 48 kilometers long, with 30 stations. Line 1 will cost 22.08 billion . Line 1 links Xiaoshan Xiang Lake, crosses the Jiantang River and ends in Xiasha and Linpin districts which links the city area to the suburban area of the city. A total of 8 lines with a length of 278 km are planned.
The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the planning of a rapid transit system on 6 June 2005. will build and operate the metro system in the eastern Chinese city. The preliminary design for Line 1 was approved on 11 January 2007 by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of work by the experts. The 47.97 km line will have 41.36 km of underground lines, 6.14 km elevated, and 0.47 km at ground level.
Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on 28 March 2007 and subsequent phases started in June, August and October of the same year. The first phase includes six stations namely, Jiubao East, Binjiang, Wenzhe Road, and three underground stations in Qinjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport. The funding of Line 1 will come from both the city government and the banks who will give 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction is estimated to be 45 billion yuan.
When opened, Hangzhou will be the tenth city in the People's Republic of China to have a rapid transit system in place. The first line, Line 1 will be 48 kilometers long, with 30 stations. Line 1 will cost 22.08 billion . Line 1 links Xiaoshan Xiang Lake, crosses the Jiantang River and ends in Xiasha and Linpin districts which links the city area to the suburban area of the city. A total of 8 lines with a length of 278 km are planned.
History
The planning for a metro system in the city started in the 1990s and was about to start construction works in September 2003, but the State Council suspended construction works due to increasing costs. The state council approved the planning of a rapid transit system on 6 June 2005. will build and operate the metro system in the eastern Chinese city. The preliminary design for Line 1 was approved on 11 January 2007 by the Development and Reform Commission after four days of work by the experts. The 47.97 km line will have 41.36 km of underground lines, 6.14 km elevated, and 0.47 km at ground level.
Construction
Construction of the first phase of Hangzhou Metro Line 1 began on 28 March 2007 and subsequent phases started in June, August and October of the same year. The first phase includes six stations namely, Jiubao East, Binjiang, Wenzhe Road, and three underground stations in Qinjiang New City. Jiubao East Station is the biggest station along Line 1 and will be a hub for the future metro system and other forms of public transport. The funding of Line 1 will come from both the city government and the banks who will give 10.2 billion yuan and 5 billion yuan respectively. The first phase construction is estimated to be 45 billion yuan.
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